连作障碍已成为制约黄芪产业可持续发展的关键问题，长期连作导致土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾等养分下降，造成养分失衡；酚酸等自毒物质的积累能明显抑制黄芪生长，降低根干重；微生物群落失衡引起有益微生物丰度下降，病原菌富集，造成根腐病发病率显著增加，严重降低产量和品质。基于连作障碍形成机制与文献分析，针对性地提出了以下消减措施，农艺上采用轮作、间作措施以降低根系发病率，提升黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷等有效成分含量和产量；土壤改良中生物炭施用可增加鞘氨醇单胞菌( Sphingomo. nas)、假单胞菌( Pseudomonas)等有益菌，优化微生物群落结构；厌氧土壤消毒通过杀灭病原菌，达到抑病增产效果；微生物调控方面，哈茨木霉( Trichoderma harzianum)与枯草芽孢杆菌( Bacillus subtilis)等复合菌肥具有促生和生防功能，可促使黄芪抗病性和产量增加；厌氧土壤消毒联合微生物菌肥效果更优。此外，选育抗病和高品质优良品种也是重要方向。未来需加强高效菌剂研发、复合措施研究及抗病品种选育。

Continuous cropping obstacle has emerged as a critical issue constraining the sustainable development of the As.tragalus industry. Long-term monoculture leads to declines in soil nutrients such as organic matter, available phosphorus, and avail.able potassium, resulting in nutrient imbalance. The accumulation of autotoxic compounds, such as phenolic acids, significantly inhib.its the growth of Astragalus membranaceus and reduces root dry weight. Imbalance in the microbial community causes a decline in theabundance of beneficial microorganisms and enrichment of pathogens, leading to a marked increase in the incidence of root rot and se.verely compromising yield and quality. Based on the formation mechanisms of continuous cropping obstacles and literature analysis,targeted mitigation measures are proposed. Agronomically, rotation and intercropping can be adopted to reduce root disease incidenceand increase the contents of active components such as astragaloside IV and calycosin-7-glucoside, as well as yield. Soil amendmentwith biochar can increase beneficial bacteria such as Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas, thereby optimizing microbial community struc.ture. Anaerobic soil disinfection can suppress disease and improve yield by eliminating pathogens. In terms of microbial regulation,compound microbial fertilizers containing Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis exhibit growth-promoting and biocontrol func.tions, thereby enhancing disease resistance and yield in Astragalus. Moreover, the combination of anaerobic soil disinfection with mi.crobial fertilizers demonstrates synergistic effects. Additionally, breeding disease-resistant and high-quality varieties represents an.other crucial direction. Future efforts should focus on developing efficient microbial inoculants, investigating integrated managementstrategies, and advancing the selection of disease-resistant varieties.

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定西市科技计划( DX2024AZ07)； 2025年定西市市级青年人才项目(定市组字〔 2025〕 17号)。