基质是黄瓜生长的基础，对其产量品质影响巨大，为得到戈壁温室有机生态型无土栽培中高品质黄瓜生产的最适基质配比，以当前生产中常用基质配比为对照，研究了5种不同配方的基质对黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光参数及产量品质影响，并比较了不同处理下黄瓜生长生理及产量品质指标。结果表明，采用配方为腐熟牛粪、粉碎玉米秸秆、菌渣、草炭、蛭石体积比为3∶2∶2∶2∶1的基质栽培时，黄瓜叶片最大量子产额(Fv/Fm)与生长潜在活性(Fv/Fo)的值最大，分别为0.76、3.18；黄瓜株高196.15 cm、茎粗0.92 cm、叶片数38.31片、单株结瓜数17.65个、单株产量3.58 kg、折合产量155 508.90 kg/hm2，均高于其他处理。采用该基质配比时黄瓜果实的Vc含量与可溶性糖含量均最高，分别为167.28、19.83 mg/g FW；硝酸盐含量最低，为78.94 μg/g FW。可见，使用腐熟牛粪、粉碎玉米秸秆、菌渣、草炭、蛭石体积比为3 ∶ 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 2 ∶ 1的基质配方时黄瓜综合表现最佳，产量及品质最优。

The substrate is the foundation of cucumber growth and has a significant impact on its yield and quality. In order to obtain the optimal substrate ratio for high-quality cucumber production in organic ecological soilless cultivation in Gobi greenhouses, this experiment used the commonly used substrate ratio in production as a control to study effects of 5 different substrate formulations on cucumber leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and quality. Through comparative analysis of cucumber growth physiology and yield and quality indicators under different treatments. The results showed that using the substrate formula of treatment IV(decomposed cow manure, crushed corn straw, bacterial residue, peat, vermiculite at 3∶2∶1∶2∶1), the maximum quantum yield(Fv/Fm) and growth potential activity(Fv/Fo) of cucumber leaves were the highest, with values of 0.76 and 3.18, respectively. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, and yield peaked, with values of 196.15 cm, 0.92 cm, 38.31 leaves, 17.65 pieces, 3.58 kg, and 155 508.90 kg/ha, respectively, which werehigher than other treatments. The fruits treated with this method had the highest contents of Vc and soluble sugars, which were 167.28 mg·g-1 and 19.83 mg/g FW,respectively, the lowest nitrate content at 78.94 μg/g FW. From this, it can be seen that the matrix formula of decomposed cow manure, crushed corn straw, bacterial residue, peat, vermiculite at 3∶2∶2∶2∶1 has the best comprehensive performance, and the cucumber yield and quality are the best.

S642.2；S626.5

2023年张掖市科技计划-技术研究开发专项(ZY2023JS18)。