小麦叶锈病是由专性寄生菌(Puccinia triticina)引起的主要小麦病害之一。选育并种植抗病品种是防控小麦叶锈病最经济、有效和安全的方法。为了掌握甘肃省小麦品种的抗叶锈特点，为全省小麦抗叶锈病育种、品种合理布局以及小麦锈病的综合治理提供参考依据。2016 — 2017年度和2017 — 2018年度对1013份甘肃省小麦生产品种、高代材料、后备品种及抗源等不同小麦材料和33份甘肃省主栽小麦品种采用苗期室内接种和成株期田间接种的方法进行抗叶锈病性鉴定。结果表明，小麦种质资源中，苗期表现抗病的材料有301份，分布频率为31.19%；成株期表现抗病的材料380份，分布频率为44.92%。另外，筛选出10份全生育期抗叶锈病的材料，即2006-1-4-1-4-2-7-1-1-8、小黑麦CM-12、010-61-3-1-1、02-129-2-1-1-3-2-1、0439-6-5-1-1-1-1-2-1、9629-03A-3-2-1-1、09-104-1-3-1-1、01-29-7-1-1-2-1-3、SW-14和陇麦491。甘肃省主栽品种中，苗期表现抗病的有5份，分别为兰天22号、天选43号、天选67号、天选72号和中梁38号，分布频率为15.15%；成株期表现抗病的有12份，分别为陇中5号、天选46号和天选48号等，分布频率为36.36%。其中，中梁38号、天选67号和天选72号在全生育期表现出近免疫-中抗，未检测出对供试混合菌表现免疫的品种；此研究可为抗叶锈病鉴定材料在小麦育种中应用提供依据。

Wheat leaf rust, which is caused by the Puccinia triticina, is one of the major diseases in wheat production.Breeding and planting disease-resistant varieties is the most economical, effective, and safe method for preventing and controlling wheat leaf rust. In order to evaluate the resistance of wheat varieties to leaf rust, we collected 1013 wheat materials and 33 main cultivars in Gansu Province， which was identified for resistance to leaf rust through indoor inoculation at seedling stage from 2016 to 2017 and field inoculation at adult stage from 2017 to 2018. The results showed that 301 out of 1013 wheat varieties(lines) showed resistance to leaf rust at seedling stage with the frequency of 31.19%. There were 380 materials that showed resistance at the adult stage with frequency of 44.92%. On the other hand, 10 wheat materials were selected, including 2006-1-4-1-4-2-7-1-1-8, triticale CM-12, 010-61-3-1, 02-129-2-1-1-3-2-1, 0439-6-5-1-1-1-1-2-1, 9629-03A-3-2-1-1, 09-104-1-3-1-1, 01-29-7-1-1-2-1-3, SW-14 and Longmai 491, which had immunity or high resistance to leaf rust during the whole growth period. Among 36 main cultivars in Gansu Province, five varieties showed resistances at the seedling stage with the frequency of 15.15%, which were Lantian 22, Tianxuan 43, Tianxuan 67, Tianxauan 72 and Zhongliang 38. Twelve varieties, including Longzhong 5, Tianxuan 46 and Tianxuan 48, etc., were resistant to leaf rust at adult stage with frequency of 36.36%. Three varieties including Zhongliang 38, Tianxuan 67 and Tianxuan 72 showed medium to high resistance during the growth period, and no cultivars was immune to the mixed Leaf rust tested. This result can provide guide for breeding application of the materials and cultivars identified.

S512.1；S435.121

国家自然科学基金地区基金(31860476、 31560488)；国家重点研发计划(2021YFD140100504)；甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2016GAAS43、2017GAAS100)；甘肃省拔尖人才计划(2020-17)。