有性菌系监测研究对揭示其在条锈菌变异中的作用及新小种的发现具有重要意义。2017 — 2021年对甘肃陇南条锈菌越夏区感病转主寄主小檗种类进行了调查，从天水市秦州区，陇南市成县、西和县3种小麦条锈菌感病转主寄主小檗上获得了67个有性菌系共计454个单孢。将其先后接种于中国鉴别寄主上进行苗期毒性鉴定，结果发现，天水陇南主要感病转主寄主为堆花小檗、短柄小檗及假猪豪刺。在已归类小种类型中，共鉴定出28个生理小种和致病类型。优势小种类型均为条中34号、条中32号、条中33号、贵22-14，出现频率分别为14.54%、15.86%、4.85%、3.96%。未归小种类型中，洛类、贵农、水源、Hy和中四类型出现频率分别为1.98%、15.64%、12.56%、8.15%、4.63%。这为阐明陇南越夏区条锈菌毒性群体结构复杂，该区是条锈菌新小种的策源地提供了数据支撑。

Monitoring the sexual production of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici(Pst) is of great importance in ascertaining the variation reasons of the new isolates of Pst in population structure and virulence. To understand population structure and virulence of Pst infecting alternate host of Berberis, from 2017 to 2021, 67 sexual isolates about 454 single spores were obtained in infected leaves of Berberis from Qinzhou, Chengxian, Xihe, which were at over-summering area of Pst, and then isolated and identified in Chinese differential cultivars in seeding stage. The results showed that the infected alternate host of Berberis were Berberis brachypoda, Berberis aggregate and Berberis soulieana in Tianshui and Longnan. There were 28 races/isolates identified. The main races/isolates were CYR34, CYR32, CYR33, G22-14, and their frequencies were 14.54%, 15.86%, 4.85% and 3.96%, respectively. Undefinited types included Lovin types, Guinong types, Shuiyuan types, Hy typesand Zhong 4 types, and their frequencies were 1.98%, 15.64%, 12.56%, 8.15%and 4.63%, respectively. According to these studies, the results cleared that the population structure and virulence of over-summering area of southern Gansu Province were complex, it is heart and key area of Chinese prevalent scope of Pst.

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国家自然科学基金(31860484)；国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1401001-08)；金城科普专家项目。